Spain recognized the independence of Mexico by signing the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty

Mexico is officially called the United Mexican States. It is a country in the southern region of North America. This country is bordered to the north by the United States, south and west by the Pacific Ocean, east by the Gulf of Mexico, and southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea.

Mexico was then known as New Spain. It was mostly populated by the Native Americans, Mestizo, Criollo, Mulatto, and a small population of African descent. Spain officially accepted the independence of Mexico by signing to the terms of the Treaty of Córdoba on August 24, 1821, as a result of the Mexican War of Independence. The Mexican War of Independence was an armed battle and political process. On September 16, 1810, the Mexican War of Independence began after Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla declared independence in the town of Dolores. However, the revolution was quickly subdued. Hidalgo was ousted from his position and beheaded due to revolting against the government.

In 1821, Spanish soldier Agustín de Iturbide joined the Mexican Revolution. He led the army to capture Mexico City and proclaimed it independent. Iturbide drafted a political promise, and it included seeking to free Mexico from Spanish rule, ensuring equality among citizens, and solidifying Roman Catholicism in the country. But he established a monarchy-style system in the country and declared himself the emperor. However, Guadalupe Victoria, the first president of the newly established democratic state, overthrew him. But, Mexico suffered a complete lack of funds to administer the country and faced the threats of emerging internal rebellions. Further, they faced an invasion of Spanish forces from their base in nearby Cuba.

Spain did not consider the Mexican declaration of independence and self-rule. They continued to hold and control the port of Veracruz until November 23, 1825. On December 28, 1836, Spain legitimized and recognized the independence of Mexico by signing the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty. After that, Mexico became the first former Spanish colony to declare sovereignty. Mexico observes Independence Day commemorating the start of the struggle for freedom.